目标路上的九种障碍：帕坦伽利早就列过，瑜伽给的解法是认真但别绷着
How to Overcome the Biggest Obstacles You Face in Pursuit of Your Goals
这篇是 Yoga Journal「档案」系列重刊的旧文，原载于 2000 年 7—8 月刊，2026 年 10 月 11 日重新上线。作者 John Schumacher 从一个常见误会讲起：瑜伽圈常把「有目标」看作忌讳，但古典瑜伽本身就是目标导向的——目标是摆脱痛苦、走向解脱；沿途设一些与这个大方向一致的小目标并无问题，它们能当路标，风险只是人太盯着小目标、忘了大图景。路上必然会遇到障碍，帕坦伽利把它们称为 vikshepas，一共九种：疾病、倦怠、怀疑、疏忽、懒惰、贪欲、妄想、停滞不前，以及进步后守不住。不同的人更容易撞上其中不同的几种，但迟早都会碰齐。怎么应对没有固定规则，老师和持续练习才是慢慢攒应对办法的途径。作者自己最看重的一件工具是「游戏心」，瑜伽术语叫 lila（读作 LEE-lah）：这不是随意或马虎，练习完全可以既认真又享受——认真和紧绷着脸并不是一回事。这是一篇哲学随笔，不是研究报道，没有疗效或健康功效宣称；文中的分类与说法来自古典瑜伽传统文本的解读，读者按练习心态参考即可，不当作心理或医疗建议。
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Published October 11, 2026 04:27AM
In Yoga Journal’s Archives series, we share a curated collection of articles originally published in past issues beginning in 1975. This article about how to overcome obstacles first appeared in the July-August 2000 issue of Yoga Journal. Find more of our Archives here.
In yoga circles, it’s fairly common to regard having goals as a no-no. Perhaps that’s because we’ve watched people sacrifice the deeper values of community, environment, and meaningful livelihood for the more ephemeral goals of comfort and material success. Some of us may even have done that ourselves, getting stressed out trying to achieve goals that, even when attained, don’t bring happiness or fulfillment.
But yoga, at least in its classical formulation, is clearly goal-oriented. The goal of yoga is enlightenment. That’s it. Certainly different people have different reasons for practicing yoga, and I know from years of teaching that if I handed out a questionnaire asking about those reasons, enlightenment probably wouldn’t come in high on the list. But yoga was originally developed to lead the practitioner to freedom from suffering and to realization of his or her Divine Nature, i.e., enlightenment.
It can be helpful, even necessary, to set lesser goals along the way—as long as they are compatible with the ultimate goal. The problem with setting these interim goals is that you might become too focused on achieving them and lose sight of the big picture. Still, they can help you to move in the right direction and provide you with valuable mileposts.
Obstacles Along the Way
On the road to attaining your goals—in yoga and elsewhere in your life—you will inevitably encounter obstacles. Patanjali refers to these as vikshepas and enumerates nine of them: illness, listlessness, doubt, carelessness, laziness, cravings, delusion, inability to progress, and instability in maintaining progress.
Depending on your nature and the goals you have set, you will run into some of these more readily than others; but sooner or later you will come up against them all. How you meet these obstacles will affect how well you surmount them and what your state of mind will be in the process. There are no rules. What works in one situation may or may not work in another. Your teachers and your practice are your guides in building your repertoire of responses and refining your skills in using these tools.
One tool I have found to be invaluable is a sense of playfulness. In yogic terminology, this is called lila (pronounced LEE-lah). By this, I don’t mean being casual or careless.
Being serious about your practice is extremely important. After all, this yoga stuff is very serious business, connecting us with the most profound and fundamental questions about our existence and purpose. But serious and grim are not synonymous. You can be serious about yoga and enjoy your practice, too.
来源：颜如玉编辑台 · yogajournal.com